Keeping active

Moving your body and strengthening your muscles can help you live well with blood cancer. It can help you prepare for and recover from treatment, and help prevent other health problems, too. Symptoms of your blood cancer, treatments and side effects can affect the amount and type of activity you might want to do. People with blood cancer can also face challenges that make it hard to get moving. Find out what these are and how to cope with them.

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Summary

  • Most people with blood cancer can benefit from being physically active. Some movement is better than none.
  • Being active can help you prepare for and cope with treatment, recover better and live well with blood cancer.
  • Being active may also have other benefits, including improved emotional and physical health, better sleep and better long-term health.
  • How much you should do, and how often, depends on what’s happening with your blood cancer and how well you feel.
  • Choose activities that you enjoy and that help restore your energy, particularly if you have symptoms or side effects, like fatigue. Pace yourself to get started.
  • You don’t have to go to a gym or attend an exercise class to be active. Walking, gardening, housework, yoga, and sitting exercises all count. Start at a manageable level and increase gradually.
  • Sometimes your symptoms and side effects of treatment can make it harder to be active and to feel good about what you’re able to do. You may find our tips for keeping active helpful if you’re facing challenges like fatigue or a low immune system.

Why being active matters

For most people with blood cancer, it’s better for you to move your body than not.

  • In the lead-up to treatment or while you’re on active monitoring, being active can improve your fitness. It can help you prepare for treatment.
  • If you’re taking fixed-term or long-term treatment for chronic blood cancer, keeping active can help. It can improve your quality of life and help prevent other health problems.
  • During treatment for acute leukaemia, such as chemotherapy, you can also benefit from activity when you feel up to it. It helps your body to be strong and to work well.
  • Experts have found that even after an intensive treatment, like a stem cell transplant, you may only need to take a short break from activity. Being inactive for long periods is not healthy for you.
  • After treatment, being physically active can play an important part in your recovery. It can help you to feel better and to regain your strength.

“When I was preparing for treatment, I treated it like mind and body training for the biggest test of my life. I ate well, walked far, cut bad habits and built the resilience I needed for what was coming.”

— Sam, diagnosed with AML in 2022

Your haematology team should discuss the benefits of keeping active with you at all stages of your condition. They may be able to offer you support with keeping active before, during or after treatment.

Getting fitter before treatment

You’re more likely to cope better with treatment if you’re fit and well-nourished before treatment starts. Being active can help you cope with side effects and to get better.

If you don’t need treatment straight away, your haematology team may recommend improving your general health and fitness before you have treatment. This may be while you’re on active monitoring or in the lead-up to treatment. It is called prehabilitation or ‘prehab’.

Prehabilitation is a way of getting yourself physically and mentally ready for treatment before it starts. Exercising regularly and eating healthily are two steps you can take to improve your fitness and health in readiness. Prehab is important because it may improve your treatment outcomes.

Other benefits of physical activity

Moving your body can bring you many other benefits, including:

  • Better quality of life.
  • Improvement in symptoms, like fatigue, brain fog and breathlessness.
  • Better emotional health. Less anxiety and depression, improved wellbeing and stress management.
  • Improvements in physical fitness, flexibility and strength.
  • A stronger immune system.
  • Improvements in sleep.
  • Help to reach and maintain a healthy weight.
  • Better health outcomes in the long term. Less likely to develop type-2 diabetes, heart disease or stroke, and other cancers, such as bowel cancer or breast cancer.

“I strongly advise people to be proactive. Take good care of their general health, watch their weight, exercise, don’t smoke, and monitor their blood pressure and cholesterol. This also reduces their risk of other health problems, including stroke and heart disease.”

— Professor Claire Harrison, Haematology Consultant and Deputy Chief Medical Officer

There are so many benefits of keeping active that you can expect your haematology team to mention it at your appointments. A clinical nurse specialist (CNS), advanced nurse practitioner or occupational therapist may give you individual support.

How physically active should you be?

It depends on how well you feel and what’s happening with your blood cancer. Sometimes, symptoms or side effects can impact how much you can do. In most cases, though, some physical activity is better than none.

  • If you’re used to being active. You may want to carry on doing what you’re used to as much as possible.
  • If you’re not usually an active person. It’s best to break up periods of sitting or rest with movement and to include activities that stretch and strengthen your muscles.

Try to get into a routine that suits you, your lifestyle and how you feel.

“You may have some days when you feel better than others, so do what you feel able to do that day.”

— Helen, Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nottingham

If you’re not used to being active, start gently and increase how much you do gradually. Try short bursts of activity of 15 to 45 minutes, once or twice a week. Even 5 minutes of movement a few times a day is better than no movement at all.

What’s the difference between moderate and vigorous activity?

This varies from person to person depending on your fitness. As a guide:

  • Moderate activity increases your breathing rate, but you can still talk
  • Vigorous activity makes you breathe fast and have difficulty talking

What is strength training?

This is any activity where you work against some kind of force or use your body weight to make your muscles work harder. This can be lifting weights, working with resistance bands, climbing stairs, yoga, or heavy gardening, like digging.

The NHS has more information on strength and flexibility exercises.

Ask your haematology team or your GP for guidance on how active you should be and what activities you should be doing.

It’s important to adapt what you do to what’s happening with your blood cancer and how well you feel. Here are some examples of different levels of activity you might be able to do in different circumstances:

If you're feeling fit and well

If you generally feel fit and well:

  • Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week or at least 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. Or a combination of the two.
  • A couple of days a week, do some strength-building activities to keep your muscles, bones and joints strong.

If you’re over 65, try to add in activities that improve your balance two days a week, like dancing, bowls, yoga or Tai Chi. These aim to help you move smoothly and confidently, and to prevent falls.

This follows the UK guidelines for physical activity in adults and older adults. The NHS have more information on activity for older adults and balance exercises you can do at home.

If you’re unable to do the recommended amount of activity, be kind to yourself. Some movement is better than none.

If you're feeling unwell or frail

If you’re unwell or frail, be guided by how you feel and your physical limitations. Try to break up periods of sitting in your chair or lying in bed with some movement. This might include gentle stretches or walking around your home. You might go up and down the stairs, if you have them, or take a short walk outside.

If you’re recovering from treatment, tailor what you do to your level of fitness and how you feel. You may prefer hydrotherapy or low-impact exercises, like yoga or tai chi, to weight training or higher-intensity exercise sessions.

Even if you don’t feel like getting up, you can move your body while you’re in your bed or chair. The NHS has a guide to sitting exercises, and the NHS Clatterbridge Cancer Centre has videos on bed-based and chair-based exercise.

If you're a wheelchair user

It’s just as important to move your body and strengthen your muscles when you’re a wheelchair user. It’s recommended that you aim for the same amount of activity as all adults:

  • At least 150 minutes a week of aerobic activity, plus
  • Do strength exercises on 2 or more days a week

This follows the UK guidelines on physical activity for disabled adults. The NHS have more information on fitness for wheelchair users.

If you’re unable to do the recommended amount of activity, be kind to yourself. Some movement is better than none.

If you're staying in hospital

If you’re recovering from stem cell transplant, CAR T-cell therapy, or are staying in hospital for treatment, be guided by your haematology and wider healthcare team. When it’s safe for you to get moving, you could start with 5 minutes of walking with the aim of gradually building up to 30 minutes.

A physiotherapist or occupational therapist may support you with this. When you’re ready, they’ll add in some resistance activities to build strength at a pace that suits your needs.

Moving your body may help you feel better, recover more quickly and get home sooner. Once you’re home, be careful to increase your activities gradually to avoid setbacks.

Be guided by the team looking after you and let them know how you feel when you’re moving your body. Especially, if you’re feeling unwell or if any side effects get worse when you’re active.

“During my initial treatment, I found even walking up a gentle slope hard work. However, I wanted to keep fit, and even a short walk along my street helped my fitness and mental health.”

— Nick, living with LGLL since 2021

“My first hospital admission was 5 weeks long. Towards the end, I asked a friend to bring some light weights in, and I looked for 'bed' exercises online. Once home, I started by just walking to the bottom of the garden and back a couple of times a day.”

— Sonia, diagnosed with AML in 2022

What activities should you do?

It’s always better to do activities you enjoy. Then you’re more likely to do them regularly. Think about ways you move your body that meaningfully occupy you and restore you.

It doesn’t have to be going to the gym or an exercise class. It could be mowing the lawn, hoovering, pushing a pram, or doing stretches or poses on a yoga mat. It could be things you do as part of your daily life, like going for a walk in your local park, particularly if you enjoy these activities.

“Spending time in the countryside after treatment provided much-needed relief from the medical environment. Being in nature allowed me to reflect on my experience, decompress, and begin looking toward the future again.”

— Paul, living with HCL since 2013

If there are sports or active hobbies you enjoy, that’s great! But you can also create opportunities for movement in your everyday life, such as:

  • Parking further away from the supermarket when you go shopping to increase your step count for the day
  • Getting off the bus a stop earlier so you walk a bit more
  • Walking to your local shop and carrying your shopping home or using a wheeled trolley, if it’s easier
  • Using stairs instead of a lift
  • Cleaning your windows
  • Sweeping up outside, if you have a garden or yard
  • Sorting out the contents of your drawers or cupboards
  • Joining a litter-picking group

The NHS has more information on different types of activity.

Whatever activity you do, remember to take regular short breaks when needed and to keep hydrated. Most people need to drink six to eight cups of water or other fluids a day.

Challenges to being active

If you have, or have had, blood cancer, there might be times when it’s harder to stay active. Here we cover some of the main challenges.

Fatigue

It’s very common for people with blood cancer to have extreme tiredness or lack of energy that doesn’t get better with rest. This can be a symptom of the cancer and a side effect of treatments. Fatigue can leave you feeling so low in energy that it seems impossible to get up and move.

It might sound illogical when you’re exhausted, but being active is one of the best things you can do to help manage fatigue. Regular physical activity and healthy food can help ease fatigue and make you feel better. A gentle workout or leisurely walk outside can give you an energy boost physically and emotionally.

It’s important to pace yourself and avoid overdoing it at times when you have more energy. It’s easy to fall into a boom and bust of activity cycling. This happens when you do too much one day and spend the next day or so exhausted.

If you have friends and family who want to support you by meeting for a walk or taking you to a gentle exercise class, say yes. It can be hard to accept that you need help, or to ask for it. But people usually want to help, and they may feel good supporting you in this way.

Expecting too much of yourself

When you have blood cancer, your image of yourself and what you can manage is likely to change. But you may still have a small voice in your head telling you that you have to do as much as you used to before you were diagnosed. Or you might meet someone else with the same blood cancer as you and compare yourself to how much they can do.

It’s really important to avoid comparing yourself to others. This includes your past self before you had blood cancer or treatment for it. If you’re constantly making negative comparisons about what you can do, it won’t make you feel good. You’re more likely to feel guilty, low in confidence and suffer a dent to your mood and self-esteem.

Try to accept your individual limits as they are for now. Concentrate on what you can do rather than setting targets that may be unrealistic for you. Focus on how you are today, what activity you can manage and what will help you feel better. Your ‘new normal’ may involve shorter walks, a slower pace or using aids like walking poles or a walking stick for support.

If you use an app on your phone to track your activity, you may find you’re making good progress over time.

You might find that you’re setting yourself much higher expectations than other people expect of you. Or that you’d expect of someone else in your situation. Be kind to yourself. Think of the advice you would give to a close friend and do this for yourself.

A low immune system

Many people with blood cancer are vulnerable to infections because their immune system is not working well. If this applies to you, you may not want to go to a gym or attend an in-person exercise class.

Some people find ways around their concerns that they’re comfortable with. For example, you might go to the gym at times you know are not busy. You could sanitise equipment before and after using it. You may find exercise classes where there is good ventilation and plenty of space between participants. Or make the most of outdoor training sessions when the weather is good.

Otherwise, there are plenty of activities you can do at home. You might follow an exercise video, practise your moves with a dance mat, or join an online yoga, pilates or movement class.

Look for qualified instructors and combine their advice with that provided by your health professionals. This applies whether you’re attending an in-person or online class.

Low platelets

Some activity is likely to benefit you, but it does depend on how low your platelets are and why.

  • If you have severely low platelets, you’re at a higher risk of bleeding. So, it’s safer not to exercise without first checking with your haematology team.
  • If your platelets are low following chemotherapy, be guided by your haematology team. They can advise you on when to start and how much exercise to do based on your blood counts.

If you’re well enough to exercise, it’s best to choose activities that have a low risk of falling or getting hit:

  • You may start with gentle exercise, either sitting or standing, gentle stretches and walking.
  • As your platelet levels improve, you could do some gentle cardio, such as brisk walking and step-ups. Plus, gentle strength training using resistance bands or weights.
  • As you recover further, activities like stationary cycling or golf may appeal to you.

In general, being active can help improve your quality of life, your mood, and reduce pain when your platelets are low.

Feeling breathless

Many people with blood cancer have breathlessness. This could be because your condition, or treatment for it, has resulted in low numbers of red blood cells (anaemia). It can also be caused by complications of some blood cancers, or by something unrelated to your condition.

It’s best to find out what’s causing your breathlessness before you start exercising. Being active can help some people to feel fitter and become less breathless.

Talk to your haematology team about your breathlessness and whether it’s safe for you to exercise and at what level.

“When I was having treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), food and fitness became my lifeline. They were the only things I felt I could control. Every time I moved my body, I was still here, still moving forward, hopefully closer to healing.”

— Sam, diagnosed with AML in 2022

“I took a couple of years to ‘recover’ post-chemo to the level of fitness I enjoyed before treatment. It takes time, but improvement can come if you work at it.”

— Paul, living with HCL since 2013

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